Olivia Nembhard, Maria Camila Puerta, Sebastian Huidobro, Jhoy Saca
In the exposition of Ayn Rand's "Anthem", it is easily to see that it is set in a dystopian society. "The laws say that none among men may be alone, ever at any time" (17). This quote is significant because it shows that [[#|people]] in the society are not allowed time alone. During this time is when you reflect on yourself and think about the things around you. You think about regrets and things you want to do, so if they are not allowed this time then they will not think against their society. "Hundreds upon hundreds of years ago men knew secrets which we lost" (32). This quote shows that it is as if they are reliving the dark ages. All the [[#|advanced technology]] humans once had no longer exist. They were burried with their people and [[#|inventions]] such as candles and glass make them believe they are thriving though, in reality they have declined from the genius state humans were once in. These examples demonstrate collectivism because keeping the citizens of this dystopian society in the dark is, in the long run supposed to help the community. Without wants and emotions there is no [[#|fighting]]. Without the feeling of love their is no hate but in the end, they are just filling their society with ignorant people. What kind of life is getting up only to sweep streets without anymore of a purpose or any emotions? I personally rather have a world where there is [[#|fighting]] and hate then one without feelings at all. By: Olivia Nembhard
The novel,"Anthem", is a work of philosophical literature and meant to illustrate egoism. The characters in the novel are in an collective society. In this society everyone is pretty much equal and are not allowed to have individual thoughts. Even in the narration Equality does not [[#|speak]] individually. He always mentions the word "we". In the society everyone thinks the same which will make the society [[#|remain]] the same and no changes will be made. With no changes or individual thoughts or knowledge there will be no advancements or improvements. Like Olivia said they are reliving in the dark ages, and they will [[#|continue]] to unless changes are made. By: Sebastian Huidobro
It is a Sin...
As the novella Anthem commences, the reader clearly starts to see the odd lifestyle and seeing of this dystopian society. The author emphasis many dystopian ideas the people in the society follow through the point of view of Equality. "We were born with a curse...We know we are evil, but there is no will in us and no power to resist it. We strive to be like all our brother men for all must be alike"(18-19). Equality is a particular, unique person which is isolated for being so different than the rest of the society, and because he is so different he is mistreated and often forced to live up to the expectations of the World Council. Nobody is allowed to be who they want to be, act or even think what they want. Everything is decided for others by the World Council because they are afraid of society having their own personal opinions and prior knowledge about different aspects of life. For instance, the World Council “is the body of all truth… [the old one] whisper many strange things of the towers which rose to the sky…and of the wagons which moved without horses, and of the [[#|lights]] which burned without flame”(19). In the Home of the Useless, the ‘old ones’ have to live there and they rarely [[#|speak]] to each other, for they have knowledge of life before the Great Rebirth. The World Council wants to create their own ideas and want to influence people into believing them to enforce a ‘superior’ lifestyle and forget the past, so all actions revolved around them. People no longer had their own opinions or ideas. Everything was decided for you. You were no longer your own person.
By: Maria Camila Puerta
Dystopian Literature
In the novel, Anthem, it is truly defined as a work of dystopian literature because of the restrictions of human’s nature and the idea that no one can be an individual. For instance, “Our name is Equality 7-2521” shows that they cannot describe themselves as “I” which shows a restriction towards their freedom. Moreover, their name mostly describes them as property and names that are given in order which they were born. Their freedom is also limited on what they can do, most of the time they have to work for the society and are not able to do what they want. The dystopian society is not a complex society because of the rolls that each of them have to play in order for their civilization to run. Moreover, their destination in life is determined by the council which gives them their career and their job to do for the rest of their lives. Also in their childhood their ability to gain knowledge was limited and they were not able to be superior in knowledge then their "brothers". The line, “We were lashed more often...” shows their strong restriction against knowledge of nature. Overall, the novel is a strong definition of dystopian literature because of their lack of freedom in their individuality and feelings in themselves that the society tries to hide from them.
By Jhoy Saca
The Lovebirds and The Others (Vani) In chapter 2, Equality and Liberty start to form a more intimate relationship with one another. Equality expresses his feelings toward Liberty by naming her "The Golden One" (41). By Equality giving Liberty this name he is distinguishing her from the rest of his society, which is a sin. Another quote identifying Equality's feelings for Liberty is "We shall look upon you, Liberty 5-300, if we see you among all the women of the Earth" (43). This quote signifies that Equality holds Liberty above everyone else in his society, and she is more important to him then obeying the law.
Ayn Rand mentions Fraternity and Solidarity in the novel to show the perspective of in Equality's society. Also to show that people around Equality only know what they have been taught or saw, but deep down they truly know that the society is corrupt. Explaining the reason why Fraternity begins to cry in his sleep, and the cause of Solidarity to start screaming "Help Us!, Help Us!, Help Us!" (47), in the night. This proves how bottling up all their feelings does more harm, then it does good for the society.
The Dude, Man, Guy Who Got Burned To Death (Cristian) In the final parts of chapter two in The Anthem, Equality mentions about the Unspeakable Word for the first time. He describes the scene of the Transgressor of the prohibited word when he witnessed it as a youngster. The words of the Evil Ones were spoken by this unusual “young and tall man with hair of gold and eyes of blue as morning” (50). “There was only joy in them, and pride, a pride holier than it is fit for human pride to be” (51). From the perspective of the man's eyes, Equality seems to observe the Transgressor’s passion for happiness and pride as he is being burned to death as if holding the knowledge of the “evil” word deserves a greater reward. Equality also explains that he has never seen a Saint before. The reason this is relevant is because he describes the Transgressor to be a Saint. I have no clue to what it takes to be recognized as a Saint, but a holy label such as that is only achieved with large quantity of respect. “And it seemed as if these eyes were trying to tell us something through the flames, to send into our eyes some word without sound. And it seemed as if these eyes were begging us to gather that word and not let it go from us and from the earth” (51). Because the society does not have much of what we consider to be “happiness,” Equality becomes anxious to discover what the word of the Unmentionable Times is. No better feelings come from emotions, so why not find out.
WE Talk About the Use of Religious Words (Kristine) Rand uses an array of religious words in chapter two, however almost all of them have a negative connotation. A phrase the author uses positively is the word triumph. When Equality first sees Liberty, he uses this word and Rand does this to show the fact that being different is a virtue. Throughout the chapter, she had been using words such as forbidden, sin, burden, guilt, and shameful and when the protagonist comes into contact with the girl he secretly adores, a positive word is used. Also, by giving Liberty the name, "The Golden One", Equality sets her apart from the rest of the society which is ultimately a sin.
Anthem is told in first person narrative point of view and is narrated by the protagonist, Equality 7-2521. By using "we" in a first-person narrative, Rand attempts to depict the struggle between individualism and collectivism. "I" should be used in place of "we" but in this dystopian society, individuals cease to exist; therefore, everyone becomes one people and address themselves as "we." The use of this word shows that in the broken society in which Equality resides, independent thoughts are not permitted which eventually lead to deeper problems rather than growth in each human.
Chapters 3&4: Tone, Truth, a Powerful Discovery, and Nicknames
By: Hector Cardenas, Adam Vatai, and Sebastian Bedoya
Tone
By: Hector Cardenas
Our narrator, Equality, speaks to us with a very confessional tone. Equality is always telling us secrets that no one else should know. The secrets he tells us are about the transgressions he has done. For example, right when the story begins Equality says "It is a sin to write this"(17). Another part of the story that adds to his list of "sins" is when he begins to take "notice" in Liberty 5-3000. He continues to use a confessional tone as the story progresses by telling us more of his secrets. Therefore, you can almost picture Equality confessing to a priest.
The "Golden One" and the "Unconquered"
By: Adam Vatai
Equality gives liberty the name "Golden One" on account of her beauty. Equality says that she is like no other woman on earth and he even said ," We shall look upon you Liberty 5-3000 if we see you among all the women of the earth"(42). Which means that she is the most beautiful woman he has ever seen and will see. In the beggining of chapter 4, Liberty also tells Equality that she has a name for him: The "Unconquered". This name is appropriate for Equality since he is anything but law-abiding. Equality probobaly lost count of all the transsgressions he has had since he makes them on a daily basis. In Liberty's eyes Equality is like a renegade or a rebel who will do anything to not follow the law. By this we can obviously tell that there will be a relationship between them in the future and Equality even went as far as to call he ,"dearest one"(56). Both these nicknames fit the charecters perfectly through the eyes of one another just as Equality thinks Liberty is the perfect woman, Liberty thinks Equality is the perfect man.
The True nature of Truth...Truthfully
By: Sebastian Bedoya
In chapter three of anthem, Equality re-discovers electricity while he was inside of his tunnel. He also discovered light bulbs and how to make electricity chemically. Equality however tells us that in his society, something is only true when it is “known by all” (52). The reason behind this statement is that “[they] all know the things which exist” (52). Therefore, if something is not known by everybody in Equality’s society, it does not exist. This is stating that truth in this society is subjective and that something can be deemed either true or not true. Equality’s discovery or re-discovery proves to us that truth, as a whole, is an objective thing. Something is either true or not true and that fact cannot be dis-proven by ideas or standards. The fact that Equality discovered this invention alone makes it something false in his society; however, we know of it and he can feel, touch and hold it making it something that is true, contradicting the subjective mentality of his society.
Chapters 5&6 By Miranda Machado, Sarin Itty, and Heather Rubin
Light and Dark Imagery
By Miranda Machado
Equality has finally [[#|completed]] his invention, electricity, and is beginning to see things in a new manner, unlike anyone else. Light and dark imagery is used to represent aspects of this dystopian society he finds himself trapped in. The light is used to represent truth and accomplishment while the dark may represent the secrets and the untold/unknown. As Equality himself experienced, "...we put our wires to this box, when we closed the current---the wire glowed! (59)
This acknowledges the fact that he has uncovered something that has never been exposed to society before...so he thinks. On the other hand, there is the dark imagery that portrays the position of Equality as isolated. As of right now he is alone with his invention with his knowledge being kept to himself. As he was in his tunnel, and he blew out the candle, "Darkness swallowed us. There was nothing left around us" (59). This shows that society wants him to be left in the dark as if his invention will never be accepted.
Equality's Sense of Self
By Heather Rubin
Equality’s first thought after expressing pride in his invention is that he must share it with his brothers. “…we want the help of our brother Scholars and their wisdom joined to ours” (60). He said he would “confess everything to them” (61). He genuinely believed his invention would benefit the whole society, but he did not share his wealth yet. This illustrates how Ayn Rand’s Objectivism is superior to Collectivism. Equality alone held this forbidden power of light. He knew his brothers would “not understand it” or “believe us” and “destroy us and destroy our light” (61). Therefore, he decided to keep his invention to himself in the meantime so his invention and his self would not be abolished. Rand also included Equality’s curiosity of his appearance in this chapter because in the event of deciding to keep his light to himself, he began to develop and portray his sense of ego; something that is forbidden in this society. His ego was then more obvious to the reader. In this collective society, none of the occupants recognize ego, for it is prohibited. This brings Equality above the rest, because in this aspect in having his sense of self, he is unique.
Tone Shift:
By Sarin Itty
The tone shifts at the end of chapter six. In the beginning of the novella, we agreed that is the tone is confessional and secretive. "It is a sin to write this"(17). Equality feels like he is on the wrong path, doing the wrong thing and being an outsider. However, as time goes on he seems to have more confidence in himself. The encounter with the Council seems to change him and his ideas. In the beginning of the chapter, everything is messed up for Equality. We find him in a beaten, whipped state. Equality changes his idea about the council. He does not seem to have the same respect he did for the Council at the beginning of the story. He speaks with a more individualistic tone. The tone has shifted to mark the beginning of individualism in the novella. This leaves the reader in an optimistic, hopeful, tone. Tomorrow, he expects to see the World Council, who Equality believes will help him. "Tomorrow, you will take us back into your fold and we shall be an outcast no longer. Tomorrow we shall be one of you again. Tomorrow..."(67).
Chapter 7: The Climax
By: Olivia Nemhard, Maria Camila, Jhoy Saca, Sebastian Huidobro
When Equality showed up for the World Council of Scholars he was questioned if he was able to be there. He answered by mentioning he was a street sweeper. Right away, the scholars said that it was against the rules of the society. Then, Equality presented his invention which contained "the power of the sky". The Scholars said this was against all the rules and if anyone else knew about the invention. The reason why the scholars rejected Equality's invention was because he did it individually and it would interfere the "candle department". When Equality finished presenting his invention, one of the scholars said "how dared you, gutter cleaner". This shows hypocrisy because first they insult Equality for being a street sweeper, and everyone in the society is suppose to be equal, and then it is against the rules for a non-scholar to go to the World Council of Scholars. By: Sebastian Huidobro
The Candle
In the Anthem the candle is used to ridicule the achievements of the society through their lack of advanced technology because of the collectivist society. The collectivist society is very strict on someone being superior to another person. Their main belief is that everyone has to be equal and that it’s a sin to think farther then they’re suppose too. Their main technology is very hard for them to override it because many people in the society are forbidden to think as one which makes it hard for them to think as a group and come up with new ideas. Moreover, the council has most of the power and uses it to control the people’s actions. Their power is superior to any other member of the society which is puzzled through the council’s idea that it is forbidden for equality to think that he is superior then the world council. Moreover, the candle is shown as a very weak achievement to the society, the council also explained that it took for them many years to approve the candle. Council also explained that getting rid of the candle would bring problems to the society. For instance, they brought the candle company and thought on what they would do after they got rid of the candle. Overall, the candle shows a ridicule scholarly achievement because of their collectivist society.
By Jhoy Saca Hope No More As chapter seven develops, the reader can begin to notice the change in tone from the optimistic chapter six to the pessimistic chapter seven. “It is dark here in the forest. The leaves rustle over our head, black against the last gold of the sky…We shall sleep on this moss for many nights, till the beasts of the forest come to tear our body” (68). As Equality’s individual ideas evolve, he starts to learn to accept that he is different than others, and he will always want to know more about the ‘secrets of the world’. The tone is no longer confessional. Equality now creates the idea that with his own prior knowledge and his great re-discovery the World Scholars will allow him to join them; on the contrary, Equality in the exposition of the novella, was very insecure and always felt like he was always sinning. He felt guilty for these new emotions and actions that he was creating, especially now that Liberty is his main attention. Now Equality is more understanding and accepts the fact he has these new thoughts and point of views. The tone of this chapter helps expand on the imagery of the following chapters.
By: Maria Camila Puerta
The Rejection
The Council regected Equality's [[#|invention for]] many different reasons. One reason was the fact that he snuck out of the detention center and defied the rules by showing up for the meeting at all. Another reason was because he was not a scholar and instead a street sweeper whom's days should only be spent doing his igven job, sweeping streets. Ultimately the real reason, aside from these added faults to worsen the crime, was that Equality worked alone in creating his invention. Seeing that he snuck away at night to a place he should not be and alone they did not except his creation. If he were apart of the house of scholars things might have been different but he is only a street sweeper and he defied the morals of his society by going against his given duties. Today we know how much of an advance electricity is from candles but the council is stubborn and too obnoxious to look away from Equality's faults and to his incredible invention.
By: Olivia Nembhard
Chapter 8 || Writing Style We stopped when we felt hunger. We saw birds in the trees branches, and flying from under our footsteps. We picked a stone and we sent it as an arrow at a bird. It fell before us. We made a fire, we cooked the bird, and we ate it, and no meal had ever tasted better to us. And we thought suddenly that there was a great satisfaction to be found in the food which we need and obtain by our own hand. (8.5)
Primitive Feel and Imagery (Vani) In the excerpt, Aye Rand creates a primitive and ancient mood by making it appear as Equality is the first human on the planet. For example "We picked a stone and we sent it as an arrow at a bird" (79). In this quote the author is trying to compare the protagonist to a hunter from the prehistoric times, to point out that Equality just escaped from an collectivist society in where they are not able to fend for themselves. So for him to be able to get his own food is an accomplishment because he has done it by himself, without prior knowledge of how to survive on his own.
In the novel, Aye Rand uses few descriptive details for the majority of her novel. In particular "We made a fire, we cooked the bird, and we ate it, and no meal had ever tasted better to us" (79). This line from the text signifies that the author uses very boring details, when she can go more in depth with her descriptions. For instance Rand could've organized the sentence like this, "The fire was as warm as the sun, we slowly cooked the bird, and we tore apart the bird savoring every bite, and it was the best meal we had in our life." By doing this it creates a vivid image in the reader's mind, but with her usual writing the reader can not create specific scene in their head.
Diction (Cristian) In this excerpt Rand’s simple and short constructed sentences sets a rather natural mood. Normally, Rand would use Equality as a more informative figure to express more of her individualistic philosophy. Now that Equality eluded from his terrible collectivist society, he starts a new chapter of his existence as the first man to live on earth. This impermanent tone expresses Equality’s “ancient” perspective of the world outside of the dystopian society: unknown, mysterious. This allows the reader to have a better grasp of Equality’s experience in the Uncharted Forest. Taking advantage of his freedom to express his emotions without restriction, Equality is faced with the greatest challenge of man: survival.
Biblical Overtones (Kristine) In Anthem, it is clear Ayn Rand's writing style mimics that of the Bible. While Rand is in fact an Atheist, it is clearly evident that she does understand what a significant book it is to many people universally and could only hope to preach her philosophy in such a great manner. The Bible being such a powerful piece of literature that Ayn Rand can't help but copy the style of writing. Also, when trying to draw parallels to Adam and Eve with Equality and Liberty, Rand needs to resemble the writing of the Bible to completely convey her message.
Chapter 9
By: Hector Cardenas, Adam Vatai, and Sebastian Bedoya
The Missing Word
By: Hector Cardenas
Throughout the story the characters of Anthem have been utilizing the word "we." They use the word "we" to say what they have done, said or when they are speaking. For example, Equality utilizes the word "we" when he tells us he has committed a "sin." In chapter nine, Liberty still does not how to express her feelings as an individual, only as a group. When she is with Equality in the uncharted forest she stops and says to him "we love you"(86). Then, she takes it back and tries to explain that she as an individual loves him and only him. Therefore, the missing word is I. After that, we leave the chapter with them in the forest and it is an awkward situation after what Liberty has said. In the end, us, the reader is left wondering if the two characters will ever learn the word I.
The words of Liberty
The Beauty of The Uncharted Forest
By. Adam Vatai
Ayn Rand uses her most vivid imagery in this chapter. She talks about the way the forest looks as well as the way Liberty looks. She goes into great detail telling us how beautiful the forest is despite there being beasts at night are known as vicious predators that fancy killing. Ayn Rand also went into great detail describing the night when Equality and Liberty built a ring of fires:"The Fires smolder as a crown of Jewels around us"(84) and "We can see their eyes, green and yellow as coals"(84). Ayn Rand not only goes into detail on the setting but also on the characters; she explains to us the way Liberty looks:"The skin of their arms is like the blue mist, but their shoulders are white and glowing, as if the light fell not from above, but rose from under her skin"(85). The reader may also be asking the question "Why has Rand saved this imagery for this chapter, and what does it symbolize for Equality and Liberty:?" Well there is a pretty simple answer and that is, that Ayn Rand wanted to make chapter 9 a special chapter. It is like if she is trying to reenact Adam and Eve in the forest. This chapter is like the beginning of the new dawn of man, and an important event like that would have a great deal of imagery.
The Adventure Inside of The Forest
By. Sebastian Bedoya
Ayn Rand names the forest in which Liberty and Equality venture through the "Uncharted Forest". This it perfect name considering the situation that the couple is in because the forest isn't explored and doesn't want to be explored by society. This relates to equality because he is the only one who wants to explore and find out more. This way of life is essentially uncharted as well as the forest. While in the forest, the couple survives by killing birds with arrows and they “find water and fruit and the forest” (84). At night, they build a ring of fire and sleep inside of it; the beasts won’t attack them. This helps support Rand’s philosophy in that Liberty and Equality learned and developed survival skills that will help them so much more than anything that was taught to them in the collectivist society. This means that being independent will lead someone to adapt to situations easier than will help. Aside from survival skills, Equality learned something else in this chapter: being alone and with a woman does not feel evil. This causes equality to question everything he was taught. He doubts the philosophy that “everything which comes from the many is good. Everything which comes from one is evil” (85). This is because he has found happiness in solitude. He also realizes that holding a woman is not a sin but a gift granted to man. This is due to Equality’s experience with liberty in the forest. Overall, chapter 9 is very powerful and is the beginning of change in the novella.
Chapters 10&11
By Sarin Itty, Heather Rubin, and Miranda Machado
Philosophical Quotes that illustrate Egoism:
Throughout the novella, Anthem, written by Ayn Rand, many excerpts reveal and explain her philosophy. One excerpt displaying Rand's philosophy, egoism, is "I ask none to live for me, nor do I live for any others" (96). This quote represents one's abilities to make their own decisions with the restraint of society. In this wretched place Equality and Liberty used to call home, they existed through, by, and for their brothers who were the state. As they finally found a way to escape this prison of a community, they discovered a life changing word in which they could use to truly define themselves that was left behind from the Unmentionable Times. This word is known as "I". Another quote that resembles Rand's philosophy is "I shall choose my friends among men, but neither slaves nor masters" (96). This excerpt represents that as an individual, you have the freedom and right to choose who you are around at all times. You shall not be put together by the council, but by your choice and your choice only. Equality, along with everyone else in this collectivist society, has been suffering due to the lack of control over their lives. (Miranda)
Another important quote that clearly illustrates the meaning of Rand's philosophy is "I am done with the monster of "We," the word of serfdom, of plunder, of misery, falsehood and shame"(97). The main message of this quote is that collectivism is taking away a lot from the individual for the benefit of the community. This practice is terrible for the individual who is left in "misery" and "shame." Equality finally recognized the difference between the collectivist society and the individualistic person. He knew that the practice he originally practiced resulted in "shame" for himself. The community was "stealing" from the individual, which was creating a dystopia. When Equality came to his senses and recognized individualism, he ran away from his cage of a collectivist society. (Sarin Itty)
Another quote that helps to describe objectivism is "I am. I think. I will. My hands... My spirit... My sky... My forest... This earth of mine..."(94). The repetitive use of "I" and "My"
"The world "We" is a lime poured over me, which sets and hardens to stone, and crushes all beneath it, and that which is white and that which is black are lost equally in the gray of it" (97). Equality explains in this quote that all individuality and brilliance is abolished when one is under the conditions collectivist society, like how his in past society, they had a conception of the need to retain a collectivist approach in every manner. Because the inhabitants of this society work equally together in every aspect, their intelligence and abilities are overshadowed, lost and crushed. Equality explains how collectivism crushes the virtues if egoism by not allowing these individuals to showcase their creativity. In this society, it also distinguishes between the elite and the inferior. (Heather Rubin)
Chapter 12 By Jhoy Saca, Olivia Nemhard, Maria Camila, Sebastian Huidobro The Plan Equality plans to make an individualist community where people can have their own choices and feelings. One day, he would go back to the collectivist society and bring with him people who seem to have a difficult time there, like International, Soldarity, and Fraternity. The couple will raise their child differently than how they were raised to start their new world similar to the Unmentionable Times.
By Sebastian Huidobro
Forbidden Names
At the end of the novella Equality discovers many forbidden things from the forbidden times. He discovered that people gave names to each other. Equality’s name for the Golden One was “Gaea” which was very significant at the end of the novella. The significance of the name is that it is defined as the mother or the creator of everything. Since Equality found a new place to live, the name for the Golden One was appropriate for her. Equality’s idea for the place related to the Golden One’s name because she was going to be the founder or the creator of the new society. Moreover, the Golden One also named Equality which was “Prometheus”. This name greatly related to Equality’s role in the novella. Prometheus was the one who brought fire which was hidden from human kind for many years. However he was greatly punished for his actions. This relates to Equality because he broke many forbidden laws in order to find the truth from the forbidden society that once lived. Towards the end of the novella Equality finally discovers the word that would define them as an individual and promises that he will remake a society of individualism were everyone can be free.
Prometheus
Gaea
By Jhoy Saca
Meaning of Anthem and a Man's Ego
Equality chooses the word "ego" to go above the portal into his new found world. An ego is a person's sense of self-esteem or self-importance. This sentence is important to be the world that helps define his new place and the society he plans to make because he is finally capable to have an ego. He has found the meaning on his individuality and found the importance of his discovery. Another important word used is the title, Anthem, or an uplifting song indentified with a certain group. This is significant because Equality's knwoledge and the philosphy of egoism is like an anthem in itself.
By: Olivia Nembhard
"I Love You"
As the truth unfolds in the resolution of the novella, "Anthem", the main characters, Equality and Liberty discovered the word 'I', "...when I understood this word, the book fell from my hands, and I wept, I who had never known tears" (98). Finally, the word they had been needing to express seemed to make sense now. Equality kept reading the books he found left from the Unmentionable Times and he first told the Golden One and "she looked at [Equality] and the first words she spoke were: 'I love you' (980. Not only can Equality express himself freely, but Liberty now can state her true emotions and affection towards Equality. They have reached the final concept of an individual through one little word: "I".
Anthem
Chapter 1: Setting and Genre
Olivia Nembhard, Maria Camila Puerta, Sebastian Huidobro, Jhoy Saca
In the exposition of Ayn Rand's "Anthem", it is easily to see that it is set in a dystopian society. "The laws say that none among men may be alone, ever at any time" (17). This quote is significant because it shows that [[#|people]] in the society are not allowed time alone. During this time is when you reflect on yourself and think about the things around you. You think about regrets and things you want to do, so if they are not allowed this time then they will not think against their society. "Hundreds upon hundreds of years ago men knew secrets which we lost" (32). This quote shows that it is as if they are reliving the dark ages. All the [[#|advanced technology]] humans once had no longer exist. They were burried with their people and [[#|inventions]] such as candles and glass make them believe they are thriving though, in reality they have declined from the genius state humans were once in. These examples demonstrate collectivism because keeping the citizens of this dystopian society in the dark is, in the long run supposed to help the community. Without wants and emotions there is no [[#|fighting]]. Without the feeling of love their is no hate but in the end, they are just filling their society with ignorant people. What kind of life is getting up only to sweep streets without anymore of a purpose or any emotions? I personally rather have a world where there is [[#|fighting]] and hate then one without feelings at all.
The novel,"Anthem", is a work of philosophical literature and meant to illustrate egoism. The characters in the novel are in an collective society. In this society everyone is pretty much equal and are not allowed to have individual thoughts. Even in the narration Equality does not [[#|speak]] individually. He always mentions the word "we". In the society everyone thinks the same which will make the society [[#|remain]] the same and no changes will be made. With no changes or individual thoughts or knowledge there will be no advancements or improvements. Like Olivia said they are reliving in the dark ages, and they will [[#|continue]] to unless changes are made.
It is a Sin...
As the novella Anthem commences, the reader clearly starts to see the odd lifestyle and seeing of this dystopian society. The author emphasis many dystopian ideas the people in the society follow through the point of view of Equality. "We were born with a curse...We know we are evil, but there is no will in us and no power to resist it. We strive to be like all our brother men for all must be alike"(18-19). Equality is a particular, unique person which is isolated for being so different than the rest of the society, and because he is so different he is mistreated and often forced to live up to the expectations of the World Council. Nobody is allowed to be who they want to be, act or even think what they want. Everything is decided for others by the World Council because they are afraid of society having their own personal opinions and prior knowledge about different aspects of life. For instance, the World Council “is the body of all truth… [the old one] whisper many strange things of the towers which rose to the sky…and of the wagons which moved without horses, and of the [[#|lights]] which burned without flame”(19). In the Home of the Useless, the ‘old ones’ have to live there and they rarely [[#|speak]] to each other, for they have knowledge of life before the Great Rebirth. The World Council wants to create their own ideas and want to influence people into believing them to enforce a ‘superior’ lifestyle and forget the past, so all actions revolved around them. People no longer had their own opinions or ideas. Everything was decided for you. You were no longer your own person.Dystopian Literature
In the novel, Anthem, it is truly defined as a work of dystopian literature because of the restrictions of human’s nature and the idea that no one can be an individual. For instance, “Our name is Equality 7-2521” shows that they cannot describe themselves as “I” which shows a restriction towards their freedom. Moreover, their name mostly describes them as property and names that are given in order which they were born. Their freedom is also limited on what they can do, most of the time they have to work for the society and are not able to do what they want. The dystopian society is not a complex society because of the rolls that each of them have to play in order for their civilization to run. Moreover, their destination in life is determined by the council which gives them their career and their job to do for the rest of their lives. Also in their childhood their ability to gain knowledge was limited and they were not able to be superior in knowledge then their "brothers". The line, “We were lashed more often...” shows their strong restriction against knowledge of nature. Overall, the novel is a strong definition of dystopian literature because of their lack of freedom in their individuality and feelings in themselves that the society tries to hide from them.By Jhoy Saca
The Lovebirds and The Others (Vani)
In chapter 2, Equality and Liberty start to form a more intimate relationship with one another. Equality expresses his feelings toward Liberty by naming her "The Golden One" (41). By Equality giving Liberty this name he is distinguishing her from the rest of his society, which is a sin. Another quote identifying Equality's feelings for Liberty is "We shall look upon you, Liberty 5-300, if we see you among all the women of the Earth" (43). This quote signifies that Equality holds Liberty above everyone else in his society, and she is more important to him then obeying the law.
Ayn Rand mentions Fraternity and Solidarity in the novel to show the perspective of in Equality's society. Also to show that people around Equality only know what they have been taught or saw, but deep down they truly know that the society is corrupt. Explaining the reason why Fraternity begins to cry in his sleep, and the cause of Solidarity to start screaming "Help Us!, Help Us!, Help Us!" (47), in the night. This proves how bottling up all their feelings does more harm, then it does good for the society.
The Dude, Man, Guy Who Got Burned To Death (Cristian)
In the final parts of chapter two in The Anthem, Equality mentions about the Unspeakable Word for the first time. He describes the scene of the Transgressor of the prohibited word when he witnessed it as a youngster. The words of the Evil Ones were spoken by this unusual “young and tall man with hair of gold and eyes of blue as morning” (50). “There was only joy in them, and pride, a pride holier than it is fit for human pride to be” (51). From the perspective of the man's eyes, Equality seems to observe the Transgressor’s passion for happiness and pride as he is being burned to death as if holding the knowledge of the “evil” word deserves a greater reward. Equality also explains that he has never seen a Saint before. The reason this is relevant is because he describes the Transgressor to be a Saint. I have no clue to what it takes to be recognized as a Saint, but a holy label such as that is only achieved with large quantity of respect. “And it seemed as if these eyes were trying to tell us something through the flames, to send into our eyes some word without sound. And it seemed as if these eyes were begging us to gather that word and not let it go from us and from the earth” (51). Because the society does not have much of what we consider to be “happiness,” Equality becomes anxious to discover what the word of the Unmentionable Times is. No better feelings come from emotions, so why not find out.
WE Talk About the Use of Religious Words (Kristine)
Rand uses an array of religious words in chapter two, however almost all of them have a negative connotation. A phrase the author uses positively is the word triumph. When Equality first sees Liberty, he uses this word and Rand does this to show the fact that being different is a virtue. Throughout the chapter, she had been using words such as forbidden, sin, burden, guilt, and shameful and when the protagonist comes into contact with the girl he secretly adores, a positive word
is used. Also, by giving Liberty the name, "The Golden One", Equality sets her apart from the rest of the society which is ultimately a sin.
Anthem is told in first person narrative point of view and is narrated by the protagonist, Equality 7-2521. By using "we" in a first-person narrative, Rand attempts to depict the struggle between individualism and collectivism. "I" should be used in place of "we" but in this dystopian society, individuals cease to exist; therefore, everyone becomes one people and address themselves as "we." The use of this word shows that in the broken society in which Equality resides, independent thoughts are not permitted which eventually lead to deeper problems rather than growth in each human.
Chapters 3&4: Tone, Truth, a Powerful Discovery, and Nicknames
By: Hector Cardenas, Adam Vatai, and Sebastian BedoyaTone
By: Hector CardenasOur narrator, Equality, speaks to us with a very confessional tone. Equality is always telling us secrets that no one else should know. The secrets he tells us are about the transgressions he has done. For example, right when the story begins Equality says "It is a sin to write this"(17). Another part of the story that adds to his list of "sins" is when he begins to take "notice" in Liberty 5-3000. He continues to use a confessional tone as the story progresses by telling us more of his secrets. Therefore, you can almost picture Equality confessing to a priest.
The "Golden One" and the "Unconquered"
By: Adam VataiEquality gives liberty the name "Golden One" on account of her beauty. Equality says that she is like no other woman on earth and he even said ," We shall look upon you Liberty 5-3000 if we see you among all the women of the earth"(42). Which means that she is the most beautiful woman he has ever seen and will see. In the beggining of chapter 4, Liberty also tells Equality that she has a name for him: The "Unconquered". This name is appropriate for Equality since he is anything but law-abiding. Equality probobaly lost count of all the transsgressions he has had since he makes them on a daily basis. In Liberty's eyes Equality is like a renegade or a rebel who will do anything to not follow the law. By this we can obviously tell that there will be a relationship between them in the future and Equality even went as far as to call he ,"dearest one"(56). Both these nicknames fit the charecters perfectly through the eyes of one another just as Equality thinks Liberty is the perfect woman, Liberty thinks Equality is the perfect man.
The True nature of Truth...Truthfully
By: Sebastian BedoyaIn chapter three of anthem, Equality re-discovers electricity while he was inside of his tunnel. He also discovered light bulbs and how to make electricity chemically. Equality however tells us that in his society, something is only true when it is “known by all” (52). The reason behind this statement is that “[they] all know the things which exist” (52). Therefore, if something is not known by everybody in Equality’s society, it does not exist. This is stating that truth in this society is subjective and that something can be deemed either true or not true. Equality’s discovery or re-discovery proves to us that truth, as a whole, is an objective thing. Something is either true or not true and that fact cannot be dis-proven by ideas or standards. The fact that Equality discovered this invention alone makes it something false in his society; however, we know of it and he can feel, touch and hold it making it something that is true, contradicting the subjective mentality of his society.
Chapters 5&6 By Miranda Machado, Sarin Itty, and Heather Rubin
Light and Dark Imagery
By Miranda Machado
Equality has finally [[#|completed]] his invention, electricity, and is beginning to see things in a new manner, unlike anyone else. Light and dark imagery is used to represent aspects of this dystopian society he finds himself trapped in. The light is used to represent truth and accomplishment while the dark may represent the secrets and the untold/unknown. As Equality himself experienced, "...we put our wires to this box, when we closed the current---the wire glowed! (59)This acknowledges the fact that he has uncovered something that has never been exposed to society before...so he thinks. On the other hand, there is the dark imagery that portrays the position of Equality as isolated. As of right now he is alone with his invention with his knowledge being kept to himself. As he was in his tunnel, and he blew out the candle, "Darkness swallowed us. There was nothing left around us" (59). This shows that society wants him to be left in the dark as if his invention will never be accepted.
Equality's Sense of Self
By Heather RubinEquality’s first thought after expressing pride in his invention is that he must share it with his brothers. “…we want the help of our brother Scholars and their wisdom joined to ours” (60). He said he would “confess everything to them” (61). He genuinely believed his invention would benefit the whole society, but he did not share his wealth yet. This illustrates how Ayn Rand’s Objectivism is superior to Collectivism. Equality alone held this forbidden power of light. He knew his brothers would “not understand it” or “believe us” and “destroy us and destroy our light” (61). Therefore, he decided to keep his invention to himself in the meantime so his invention and his self would not be abolished. Rand also included Equality’s curiosity of his appearance in this chapter because in the event of deciding to keep his light to himself, he began to develop and portray his sense of ego; something that is forbidden in this society. His ego was then more obvious to the reader. In this collective society, none of the occupants recognize ego, for it is prohibited. This brings Equality above the rest, because in this aspect in having his sense of self, he is unique.
Tone Shift:
By Sarin IttyThe tone shifts at the end of chapter six. In the beginning of the novella, we agreed that is the tone is confessional and secretive. "It is a sin to write this"(17). Equality feels like he is on the wrong path, doing the wrong thing and being an outsider. However, as time goes on he seems to have more confidence in himself. The encounter with the Council seems to change him and his ideas. In the beginning of the chapter, everything is messed up for Equality. We find him in a beaten, whipped state. Equality changes his idea about the council. He does not seem to have the same respect he did for the Council at the beginning of the story. He speaks with a more individualistic tone. The tone has shifted to mark the beginning of individualism in the novella. This leaves the reader in an optimistic, hopeful, tone. Tomorrow, he expects to see the World Council, who Equality believes will help him. "Tomorrow, you will take us back into your fold and we shall be an outcast no longer. Tomorrow we shall be one of you again. Tomorrow..."(67).
Chapter 7: The Climax
By: Olivia Nemhard, Maria Camila, Jhoy Saca, Sebastian HuidobroWhen Equality showed up for the World Council of Scholars he was questioned if he was able to be there. He answered by mentioning he was a street sweeper. Right away, the scholars said that it was against the rules of the society. Then, Equality presented his invention which contained "the power of the sky". The Scholars said this was against all the rules and if anyone else knew about the invention. The reason why the scholars rejected Equality's invention was because he did it individually and it would interfere the "candle department". When Equality finished presenting his invention, one of the scholars said "how dared you, gutter cleaner". This shows hypocrisy because first they insult Equality for being a street sweeper, and everyone in the society is suppose to be equal, and then it is against the rules for a non-scholar to go to the World Council of Scholars.
The Candle
In the Anthem the candle is used to ridicule the achievements of the society through their lack of advanced technology because of the collectivist society. The collectivist society is very strict on someone being superior to another person. Their main belief is that everyone has to be equal and that it’s a sin to think farther then they’re suppose too. Their main technology is very hard for them to override it because many people in the society are forbidden to think as one which makes it hard for them to think as a group and come up with new ideas. Moreover, the council has most of the power and uses it to control the people’s actions. Their power is superior to any other member of the society which is puzzled through the council’s idea that it is forbidden for equality to think that he is superior then the world council. Moreover, the candle is shown as a very weak achievement to the society, the council also explained that it took for them many years to approve the candle. Council also explained that getting rid of the candle would bring problems to the society. For instance, they brought the candle company and thought on what they would do after they got rid of the candle. Overall, the candle shows a ridicule scholarly achievement because of their collectivist society.By Jhoy Saca
Hope No More
As chapter seven develops, the reader can begin to notice the change in tone from the optimistic chapter six to the pessimistic chapter seven. “It is dark here in the forest. The leaves rustle over our head, black against the last gold of the sky…We shall sleep on this moss for many nights, till the beasts of the forest come to tear our body” (68). As Equality’s individual ideas evolve, he starts to learn to accept that he is different than others, and he will always want to know more about the ‘secrets of the world’. The tone is no longer confessional. Equality now creates the idea that with his own prior knowledge and his great re-discovery the World Scholars will allow him to join them; on the contrary, Equality in the exposition of the novella, was very insecure and always felt like he was always sinning. He felt guilty for these new emotions and actions that he was creating, especially now that Liberty is his main attention. Now Equality is more understanding and accepts the fact he has these new thoughts and point of views. The tone of this chapter helps expand on the imagery of the following chapters.
By: Maria Camila Puerta
The Rejection
The Council regected Equality's [[#|invention for]] many different reasons. One reason was the fact that he snuck out of the detention center and defied the rules by showing up for the meeting at all. Another reason was because he was not a scholar and instead a street sweeper whom's days should only be spent doing his igven job, sweeping streets. Ultimately the real reason, aside from these added faults to worsen the crime, was that Equality worked alone in creating his invention. Seeing that he snuck away at night to a place he should not be and alone they did not except his creation. If he were apart of the house of scholars things might have been different but he is only a street sweeper and he defied the morals of his society by going against his given duties. Today we know how much of an advance electricity is from candles but the council is stubborn and too obnoxious to look away from Equality's faults and to his incredible invention.Chapter 8 || Writing Style
We stopped when we felt hunger. We saw birds in the trees branches, and flying from under our footsteps. We picked a stone and we sent it as an arrow at a bird. It fell before us. We made a fire, we cooked the bird, and we ate it, and no meal had ever tasted better to us. And we thought suddenly that there was a great satisfaction to be found in the food which we need and obtain by our own hand. (8.5)
Primitive Feel and Imagery (Vani)
In the excerpt, Aye Rand creates a primitive and ancient mood by making it appear as Equality is the first human on the planet. For example "We picked a stone and we sent it as an arrow at a bird" (79). In this quote the author is trying to compare the protagonist to a hunter from the prehistoric times, to point out that Equality just escaped from an collectivist society in where they are not able to fen
In the novel, Aye Rand uses few descriptive details for the majority of her novel. In particular "We made a fire, we cooked the bird, and we ate it, and no meal had ever tasted better to us" (79). This line from the text signifies that the author uses very boring details, when she can go more in depth with her descriptions. For instance Rand could've organized the sentence like this, "The fire was as warm as the sun, we slowly cooked the bird, and we tore apart the bird savoring every bite, and it was the best meal we had in our life." By doing this it creates a vivid image in the reader's mind, but with her usual writing the reader can not create specific scene in their head.
Diction (Cristian)
In this excerpt Rand’s simple and short constructed sentences sets a rather natural mood. Normally, Rand would use Equality as a more informative figure to express more of her individualistic philosophy. Now that Equality eluded from his terrible collectivist society, he starts a new chapter of his existence as the first man to live on earth. This impermanent tone expresses Equality’s “ancient” perspective of the world outside of the dystopian society: unknown, mysterious. This allows the reader to have a better grasp of Equality’s experience in the Uncharted Forest. Taking advantage of his freedom to express his emotions without restriction, Equality is faced with the greatest challenge of man: survival.
Biblical Overtones (Kristine)
In Anthem, it is clear Ayn Rand's writing style mimics that of the Bible. While Rand is in fact an Atheist, it is clearly evident that she does understand what a
significant book it is to many people universally and could only hope to preach her philosophy in such a great manner. The Bible being such a powerful piece of literature that Ayn Rand can't help but copy the style of writing. Also, when trying to draw parallels to Adam and Eve with Equality and Liberty, Rand needs to
resemble the writing of the Bible to completely convey her message.
Chapter 9
By: Hector Cardenas, Adam Vatai, and Sebastian Bedoya
The Missing Word
By: Hector CardenasThroughout the story the characters of Anthem have been utilizing the word "we." They use the word "we" to say what they have done, said or when they are speaking. For example, Equality utilizes the word "we" when he tells us he has committed a "sin." In chapter nine, Liberty still does not how to express her feelings as an individual, only as a group. When she is with Equality in the uncharted forest she stops and says to him "we love you"(86). Then, she takes it back and tries to explain that she as an individual loves him and only him. Therefore, the missing word is I. After that, we leave the chapter with them in the forest and it is an awkward situation after what Liberty has said. In the end, us, the reader is left wondering if the two characters will ever learn the word I.
The Beauty of The Uncharted Forest
By. Adam VataiAyn Rand uses her most vivid imagery in this chapter. She talks about the way the forest looks as well as the way Liberty looks. She goes into great detail telling us how beautiful the forest is despite there being beasts at night are known as vicious predators that fancy killing. Ayn Rand also went into great detail describing the night when Equality and Liberty built a ring of fires:"The Fires smolder as a crown of Jewels around us"(84) and "We can see their eyes, green and yellow as coals"(84). Ayn Rand not only goes into detail on the setting but also on the characters; she explains to us the way Liberty looks:"The skin of their arms is like the blue mist, but their shoulders are white and glowing, as if the light fell not from above, but rose from under her skin"(85). The reader may also be asking the question "Why has Rand saved this imagery for this chapter, and what does it symbolize for Equality and Liberty:?" Well there is a pretty simple answer and that is, that Ayn Rand wanted to make chapter 9 a special chapter. It is like if she is trying to reenact Adam and Eve in the forest. This chapter is like the beginning of the new dawn of man, and an important event like that would have a great deal of imagery.
The Adventure Inside of The Forest
By. Sebastian BedoyaAyn Rand names the forest in which Liberty and Equality venture through the "Uncharted Forest". This it perfect name considering the situation that the couple is in because the forest isn't explored and doesn't want to be explored by society. This relates to equality because he is the only one who wants to explore and find out more. This way of life is essentially uncharted as well as the forest. While in the forest, the couple survives by killing birds with arrows and they “find water and fruit and the forest” (84). At night, they build a ring of fire and sleep inside of it; the beasts won’t attack them. This helps support Rand’s philosophy in that Liberty and Equality learned and developed survival skills that will help them so much more than anything that was taught to them in the collectivist society. This means that being independent will lead someone to adapt to situations easier than will help. Aside from survival skills, Equality learned something else in this chapter: being alone and with a woman does not feel evil. This causes equality to question everything he was taught. He doubts the philosophy that “everything which comes from the many is good. Everything which comes from one is evil” (85). This is because he has found happiness in solitude. He also realizes that holding a woman is not a sin but a gift granted to man. This is due to Equality’s experience with liberty in the forest. Overall, chapter 9 is very powerful and is the beginning of change in the novella.
Chapters 10&11
By Sarin Itty, Heather Rubin, and Miranda MachadoPhilosophical Quotes that illustrate Egoism:
Throughout the novella, Anthem, written by Ayn Rand, many excerpts reveal and explain her philosophy. One excerpt displaying Rand's philosophy, egoism, is "I ask none to live for me, nor do I live for any others" (96). This quote represents one's abilities to make their own decisions with the restraint of society. In this wretched place Equality and Liberty used to call home, they existed through, by, and for their brothers who were the state. As they finally found a way to escape this prison of a community, they discovered a life changing word in which they could use to truly define themselves that was left behind from the Unmentionable Times. This word is known as "I". Another quote that resembles Rand's philosophy is "I shall choose my friends among men, but neither slaves nor masters" (96). This excerpt represents that as an individual, you have the freedom and right to choose who you are around at all times. You shall not be put together by the council, but by your choice and your choice only. Equality, along with everyone else in this collectivist society, has been suffering due to the lack of control over their lives. (Miranda)Another important quote that clearly illustrates the meaning of Rand's philosophy is "I am done with the monster of "We," the word of serfdom, of plunder, of misery, falsehood and shame"(97). The main message of this quote is that collectivism is taking away a lot from the individual for the benefit of the community. This practice is terrible for the individual who is left in "misery" and "shame." Equality finally recognized the difference between the collectivist society and the individualistic person. He knew that the practice he originally practiced resulted in "shame" for himself. The community was "stealing" from the individual, which was creating a dystopia. When Equality came to his senses and recognized individualism, he ran away from his cage of a collectivist society. (Sarin Itty)
Another quote that helps to describe objectivism is "I am. I think. I will. My hands... My spirit... My sky... My forest... This earth of mine..."(94). The repetitive use of "I" and "My"
"The world "We" is a lime poured over me, which sets and hardens to stone, and crushes all beneath it, and that which is white and that which is black are lost equally in the gray of it" (97). Equality explains in this quote that all individuality and brilliance is abolished when one is under the conditions collectivist society, like how his in past society, they had a conception of the need to retain a collectivist approach in every manner. Because the inhabitants of this society work equally together in every aspect, their intelligence and abilities are overshadowed, lost and crushed. Equality explains how collectivism crushes the virtues if egoism by not allowing these individuals to showcase their creativity. In this society, it also distinguishes between the elite and the inferior. (Heather Rubin)
Chapter 12
By Jhoy Saca, Olivia Nemhard, Maria Camila, Sebastian Huidobro
The Plan
Equality plans to make an individualist community where people can have their own choices and feelings. One day, he would go back to the collectivist society and bring with him people who seem to have a difficult time there, like International, Soldarity, and Fraternity. The couple will raise their child differently than how they were raised to start their new world similar to the Unmentionable Times.
By Sebastian Huidobro
Forbidden Names
At the end of the novella Equality discovers many forbidden things from the forbidden times. He discovered that people gave names to each other. Equality’s name for the Golden One was “Gaea” which was very significant at the end of the novella. The significance of the name is that it is defined as the mother or the creator of everything. Since Equality found a new place to live, the name for the Golden One was appropriate for her. Equality’s idea for the place related to the Golden One’s name because she was going to be the founder or the creator of the new society. Moreover, the Golden One also named Equality which was “Prometheus”. This name greatly related to Equality’s role in the novella. Prometheus was the one who brought fire which was hidden from human kind for many years. However he was greatly punished for his actions. This relates to Equality because he broke many forbidden laws in order to find the truth from the forbidden society that once lived. Towards the end of the novella Equality finally discovers the word that would define them as an individual and promises that he will remake a society of individualism were everyone can be free.By Jhoy Saca
Meaning of Anthem and a Man's Ego
Equality chooses the word "ego" to go above the portal into his new found world. An ego is a person's sense of self-esteem or self-importance. This sentence is important to be the world that helps define his new place and the society he plans to make because he is finally capable to have an ego. He has found the meaning on his individuality and found the importance of his discovery. Another important word used is the title, Anthem, or an uplifting song indentified with a certain group. This is significant because Equality's knwoledge and the philosphy of egoism is like an anthem in itself.By: Olivia Nembhard
"I Love You"
As the truth unfolds in the resolution of the novella, "Anthem", the main characters, Equality and Liberty discovered the word 'I', "...when I understood this word, the book fell from my hands, and I wept, I who had never known tears" (98). Finally, the word they had been needing to express seemed to make sense now. Equality kept reading the books he found left from the Unmentionable Times and he first told the Golden One and "she looked at [Equality] and the first words she spoke were: 'I love you' (980. Not only can Equality express himself freely, but Liberty now can state her true emotions and affection towards Equality. They have reached the final concept of an individual through one little word: "I".
By :Maria Camila Puerta